Basic knowledge of 5s activity

If you work in the manufacturing and construction industry, you may have heard the word 5s activity once.Introducing 5S activities has visible effects such as improving productivity, safety management, and quality control.In addition, the organization is activated and has a major impact on technical traditions and human resource development.I will explain the characteristics and precautions of such 5S activities over eight times.

Lottery

1st: Reason to work on 5s activities

This time, let's learn the meaning, purpose, and elements of 5s activities while looking at the case.

1.What is 5s activity?

5S activities are generic term for "organizing, tidy, cleaning, cleanliness, and discipline".If you write in Roman letters, all the initials will be S, so it is called 5S activity.Recently, it seems that they are working on 5S activities not only in the manufacturing and construction industry, but also in the service industry.However, despite the well -known known, the true meanings and effects are not understood.It is a year -end cleaning, an extension of cleaning up, and is confused with discarding.

図1：5S活動前後のオフィスの写真

See the photo in Fig. 1.A is an old -fashioned and disturbed state.B is a clean and clear office.In fact, these two photos are photographed by the same department of the same company before and after 5S activities.The results came out in 4 months 5S activities.At first glance, it just looks like the cleaning up has progressed.In fact, the position of employees and desks have changed, improving office functionality.This is evidence that employees' awareness has changed significantly.

In recent years, people's values have been diversified, and the gap between generations and departments is not small.Previously, the meaning of the word "properly" and "neat" of managers and managers was shared within the organization.But now it is no longer transmitted.In other words, consciousness shifts all over the organization.If you do 5S activities correctly, you can unify this gap of this consciousness.

Figure 2 shows the manufacturing site before and after the 5S activity of a small manufacturer.

図2：5S活動前後の製造現場の写真

The company was unable to change it because the manufacturing site was narrow.There was a gap between the departments and the communication was not well received.However, the selected leaders and members learned the technology to improve through 5s activities, developed them at the manufacturing site, and improved their productivity.Before and after 5s activities, workers, places, work are the same, and of course the same is true.But it looks like another company.

2.5s activity is a tool of "consciousness reform"

In fact, 5S activities are "tools for consciousness reform".Humans are experienced creatures, so they cannot easily throw away their conventional ideas.In addition, work has been added to the industry's common sense and regional characteristics, so it is difficult to change.When it comes to organizations, the consciousness varies depending on the interdo generational disparity and the difference between the positions and departments, and it cannot be changed further.

In such a situation, 5S activities play a major role.Reason,...

>>第1回 第2章の続きを読む（PDFダウンロード）

3.5s activity element

5S activities consist of five elements: "organizing", "tidy", "cleaning", "clean" and "discipline".It is an abstract word that seems to appear in moral textbooks.Because it is abstract, it is easy to assume that it is easy to clean up.However, 5S activities are organized activities, and each element has meaning and connection.

1. 整理：不要なものを捨てる。必要なものだけを残す。
2. 整頓：必要なものを働きやすく再配置する。そして表示を行う。
3. 清掃：表示に従って、頻度を決めて「点検保守」を行う。
4. 清潔：整理、整頓、清掃という３つのSを維持する。
5. しつけ：組織が定めたルールを全員で守る。

図3：5S活動の模式図

And 5S activities must be performed in order from the top (Fig. 3).Each element is connected, and ...

>>第1回 第3章の続きを読む（PDFダウンロード）

2nd: What is the 5S activity arrangement?

Last time, while looking at the case, I learned the meaning, purpose, and elements of 5S activities.This time, I will explain the framework of 5S activity and the first element, "Organizing".

1.5s activity framework

It is important to note when you start 5s activities.Each element is considered as one flow, not a single point.When working in an organization, consider with a framework of 2S (organizing / tidy), 2S (cleaning / cleanliness) and 1S (discipline).Following these three stages, 5S activities are completed and maintained.

2.What is the "organizing" of 5s activity?

"Organizing" in 5S activities simply means "discard unnecessary things and leave only necessary things."To put it simply, it's important to throw away what you don't need, but you need to be careful.The organization has various values, and the meaning of unnecessary things depends on the career and position.For example, old machines that newcomers do not need are also important for veterans.At first glance, unnecessary documents are important for other departments.Unnecessary meanings are gradually increasing in the workplace because unnecessary meanings are not unified or understood in the organization.

There are three psychology that causes an organization that can not throw away things.

1. 使うかもしれない（将来への恐れ）
2. もったいない（高価なもの）
3. 思い出がいっぱい（会長や社長の思い入れ）

The most troublesome thing in this is ...

>>第2回 第2章の続きを読む（PDFダウンロード）

3.Red bill strategy for process sharing

Psychology that cannot be thrown away, and the accumulation of situations where things cannot be thrown away have worsened the functionality of the organization.In 5S activities, when performing the first "organizing", consider the standards of what to throw away in the organization.For example, the unified view of the organization, such as unused periods, broken machines, tools and equipment that do not fit the current standard, and surplus materials.Based on that, we will carry out "Red Tag Operation".

Operation in the red bill is an effort to judge unnecessary things by using three -color bills in the activity promotion team and department.The red bill is discarded, the blue bill should be moved, and the yellow bill is applied to those that cannot be judged by them (Fig. 2).Figure 3 is a waste with a red bill.

図2：赤札、黄札、青札図3：赤札を貼った廃棄物

The red bill activity is ...

>>第2回 第3章の続きを読む（PDFダウンロード）

4.Precautions of "organizing"

When pouring a new one into a bowl, you can't put a new one unless you throw away the one you have previously entered.Similarly, even organizations need to reset their previous sensations and consciousness once when incorporating new concepts and climate.The "organizing" of 5s activity has the role of this reset.The accuracy and goodness of this activity determine the final level of 5s activity.

There are two precautions for "organizing" in 5S activities.The first is the storage deadline.Financial documents are obliged to store seven years (or nine years).In addition, those that have a storage deadline for customer requests cannot be disposed of without permission.If you throw away equipment and equipment during the depreciation period, it is necessary to perform complicated procedures in accounting.Be careful of these points and make a drastic decision.

The second is ...

>>第2回 第4章の続きを読む（PDFダウンロード）

3rd: What is the tidy of 5S activities?

Last time, I explained the first "organizing" to be performed in 5S activities.The "organizing" of the 5S activity was to throw away unnecessary things and leave only the necessary things.This time, I will explain the next "organizing" to be performed next to "organizing".

1.What is the "tidy" of 5S activities?

"Organizing" is to create an environment where the worker is easy to move and work, so that the position of the thing can be understood.The important thing in 5S activities is to create an easy -to -work environment.

Have you ever felt that the aisle and loading route are narrow and difficult to move because you don't know where you need what you need in offices and factories?Such a phenomenon occurs in places where unnecessary things are overflowing.The productivity and communication of the organization may be greatly inhibited, and personal motivation may be reduced.

2.Renewal drawing diagram to secure conductors

If you stand at the entrance of the office or the center of the factory at the end of the first "organizing" of 5S activities, you will get a lot less thing and get a refreshing impression.You can see how useless.Many organizations that worked on 5S activities were unnecessary for several 4 ton trucks.Some organizations treated 42 unnecessary items for large dump trucks.As a result, new space is generated in the office and factory.Let's make a "re -arrangement map" to make the space a work space.Figure 1 shows the re -arrangement plan of the actual office and warehouse.It is also specifically written and where.

図1：再配置計画図

The important thing in making a rearrangement diagram is ...

>>第3回 第2章の続きを読む（PDFダウンロード）

3.Importance of display

The most important thing in 5S activities is the "display" of tidy.The display is a mechanism that knows what is there.It means that not only those in the department, but also those in other departments and those who have seen it for the first time can be understood at a glance.Fig. 4, Figure 5 shows the actual display example.

図4：型番と在庫数の表示図5：機械番号と責任者を明示した表示

There are various offices in the office.There are those that are managed, shared, and those used by certain people.There are also things to be put in stores, stored, and returns at stores.In the factory, there are products in various processes, such as materials, intermediate goods (in the middle of processing), primary completion, before inspection, completion of inspection, and shipments.moreover,...

>>第3回 第3章の続きを読む（PDFダウンロード）

4.Precautions when displaying

When displaying, first unify the size and font.The display size is divided depending on the place and the place, such as 3 cm, 5 cm, and 10 cm.The display of the middle category is A3 size, and the large category that hangs from the ceiling requires a huge size.We will also consider the color of the paper used for the display.In the factory, the material and materials are yellow, the intermediate goods are green, the intermediate product is red, the test is completed, and the shipments are blue.。recently,...

>>第3回 第4章の続きを読む（PDFダウンロード）

5.Relationship between display and productivity

...

>>第3回 第5章の続きを読む（PDFダウンロード）

4th: What is cleaning, cleanliness and discipline of 5S activities?

5S activities are not just slogans.Even if a poster of 5s activity is paste on the wall, the organization does not change.It is important to actually move your body and understand each element.Last time, I explained the "tidy" performed in 5S activities.This time, I will explain the next “cleaning”, “clean”, and “discipline” to be performed next to “organizing” and “organizing”.

1.Know the nature of the organization

Since this basic knowledge began, there were some questions about photos before and after activities, "How can you do that vivid changes?"If you compare before and after the activities, you will get the impression of another organization.That's because we are preparing carefully before we enter the activity.

The organization has the "2: 6: 2 law".Organizations that are not aware of anything are 20 % of the "groups with a sense of crisis that should not be done", 60 % of the "groups that attach to the stronger", and the remaining 20 % of "groups that do not want to change".It is divided into.(Figure 1)

図１：2：6：2の法則

危機意識を持った2割の人たちは、経営陣と同じように危機意識を共有しています。そのため、6割の人たちが変化すれば組織が変わると考え、朝礼や会議でさまざまな話をします。しかし、6割の人たちは強い方に付くという性質を持っているので、言葉では変化しません。そこで、...

>>第4回 第1章の続きを読む（PDFダウンロード）

2."Cleaning" is essential for maintaining activities

5S活動の「清掃」は、場所やものをきれいにするという単純なものではありません。図2のように、整理で不要なものがなくなり、整頓によって使いやすくなり、表示によりものを置く場所が決まります。そうした仕組みが出来上がった後の清掃は「点検・保守」という性質を持ちます。毎日、毎週、毎月、3カ月おきなどと頻度を決めて清掃を行います。図3のように、統一したルールと全員参加で清掃を行います。ものの位置が間違っていれば、...

>>第4回 第2章の続きを読む（PDFダウンロード）

3.If you are conscious of "cleanliness", your activities will not stagnate

5S活動の「整理」「整頓」「清掃」は、体を動かして活動を行う「Do Action」です。対して「清潔」は、維持するための「〜ing」活動です。「整理」で不要なものを捨てる。「整頓」で表示された場所にものを戻す。「清掃」でそれらを点検保守する。この3項目を維持することで、「清潔」は保たれます。業界にかかわらず、不潔な場所から高い品質の製品やサービスは生まれません。昨今は、顧客の要求レベルが高くなり、...

>>第4回 第3章の続きを読む（PDFダウンロード）

4."Discipline" is the life of the organization

When visiting an organization that has not conducted 5S activities, employees often do not say hello or have a bad impression.I often see clothes that are dirty and sloppy.Even if the company's reception is compatible, it may be a terrible response.Then, no matter how good the product or service you have, the impression of the organization will be worse at once.And most of the vehicles are dirty, and the workplace is full of dust.

The ultimate goal of 5s activity is that it has been disciplined.

...

>>第4回 第4章の続きを読む（PDFダウンロード）

5th: 5S rules and organizational fleet

5S activities are not the purpose, but a "tool" to activate the organization.If you can use it well, you can expect a great effect, and if you make a mistake, it will put a heavy burden on the organization.This time, I will explain the rules for maintaining and continuing activities.

1.Why the rules are not followed

The rules in the organization are often not protected and become a skeleton.The same is true for 5S activities.Compared to activities that are easy to see, such as organizing and tidying, the activity is going down from cleaning, which makes it harder to see.And clean and discipline will disappear.

There are three reasons why the rules are not followed in the organization.

Let's take a closer look at each reason.

1：ルールの分量が多すぎる

This is one of the reasons why the introduction of ISO management systems in quality and environment has become a skeleton.Are your company in a hurry only before the audit?The manual becomes more complicated as the amount is increased, and it is not read.It is necessary to seriously consider whether all employees are not reading the manual, but can really perform good performance.

2：ルールに理想を書きすぎる

...

>>第5回 第1章の続きを読む（PDFダウンロード）

2.Three points to be aware of when formulating the rules

What should I be aware of when I try to keep 5S activities and maintain it?In conclusion, you can do the opposite of why you are not protected.

図2：ルール策定のフロー

First, limit the total amount of the rules to two A4 paper.If you print on both sides, it will be one A4 paper, and it can be widely known not only to regular employees but also to part -time jobs.

そして何よりも、分量が限られているので、優先順位の高いものを短く表現しなければなりません。例えば、...

>>第5回 第2章の続きを読む（PDFダウンロード）

3.Action guidelines for creating an organization

When creating the rules, the viewpoint of rebuilding the organizational culture is essential.From this point of view, there are elements that should be held down when creating rules.It is an organizational person and a member of society.As shown in Fig. 4, they are bridging their own rules and social rules, and are necessary to respond to diversified values.

図4：組織人要求と社会人要求

あいさつや服装など、社会人としての常識は組織風土と密接に関わっており、第三者から見た印象を大きく左右する要素です。そのため、...

>>第5回 第3章の続きを読む（PDFダウンロード）

4.Details also determine the lower rules

A4 paper is not possible with two sizes.At that time, say, "Details will follow the rules of the attached sheet" and systematize the rules.For example, machine management, cleaning rules, equipment management rules, safety procedures, etc. cannot be written with two A4 paper.Review the lower rules and incorporate them into 5S rules.

清潔やしつけのレベルや内容は、業界や事業規模、地域によって随分と異なります。ある意味、基準はありません。本当に大切なことは...

>>第5回 第4章の続きを読む（PDFダウンロード）

6th: Create profits from the site

5S activities have a close relationship with profits.Sometimes you hear the harsh opinion that you can't make a profit just because you have just cleaned it up.However, many of the organizations that have been consolidated to the company's company and have been able to comply with 5S activities, and are making a firm profit.This time, I will introduce why 5S activities are effective to generate profits from the site.

1.It is important to recognize profits

As 5s activity progresses, we will reconstruct the mechanism for securing the place and aisle, work procedure, information sharing, and manners such as greetings and telephone support.As a result, the understanding of what to do and what to stop before the start of 5s activities.For example, the instructions of "clearing up" or "cleaning properly" are not concrete.The 5S activity will make it clear how to get rid of it, and the work activities that have been done with the personal sense will be unified.

The same is true for profits."Profit" as an accounting term is abstract and difficult to understand, and it is difficult to have a common recognition as an organization.However, as with 5S activities, if all employees can have clear and unified perceptions, the profitability of the organization will change significantly.

2.New concept of absolute profit

In the organization, various numbers are used as communication tools.There are sales, profits, profit and loss, previous year's compared, previous month, gross profit, etc., each of which is meaningful.But not everyone in the organization understands these accurately.For example, the financial statements include five benefits: gross profit, ordinary income, operating income, net income before tax, and net income.It is extremely difficult to make these people understand these people in various positions.Therefore, let's reconstruct the word profit according to the principle.

Organizations have a minimum amount of profit, which will go bankrupt if they are not collected.Define this profit as "absolute profit" as a profit that must be gathered.Absolute profits are expenses that must be paid if you change your perspective.Organizations have four expenses that are necessary, even if there is no job and sales are zero.

These total amounts are expenses that must be paid.If these total amounts can be collected in one year, the organization will not go bankrupt.In other words, the absolute profit is the same value as these total.

 Absolute profit = fixed cost + tax reserve cost + short -term borrowed repayment cost + operating cost

図1：絶対利益

絶対利益を用いて考えるメリットは、...

>>第6回 第2章の続きを読む（PDFダウンロード）

3.Focus on reducing variable costs

After calculating the absolute profit you need, the goal is to reduce variable costs.Floating costs are the amount required of work, and it fluctuates greatly depending on the size of the work.The breakdown of variable costs includes a lot of expenses paid outside, including material costs, fuel costs, outsourcing and purchasing costs.Therefore, by focusing on reducing variable costs, you can reduce the cost of paid outside and increase profits.

After calculating the absolute profit you need, the goal is to reduce variable costs.Floating costs are the amount required of work, and it fluctuates greatly depending on the size of the work.The breakdown of variable costs includes a lot of expenses paid outside, including material costs, fuel costs, outsourcing and purchasing costs.Therefore, by focusing on reducing variable costs, you can reduce the cost of paid outside and increase profits.

Among the profits actually acquired within a period, the calculation of numbers compared to absolute profits (absolute profit) is very simple.This is the case when shown in the formula.

Acquisition absolute profit = sales -expenses to pay outside

獲得絶対利益は、1つの仕事による売上金額から外に支払う費用を引いて算出します。工場の獲得絶対利益は、工場で請け負った仕事の売上から外に支払うべき費用を引いたものです。店舗の獲得絶対利益は、1店舗のある期間内の売上から支払うべき費用を引いたものです。業務別、事業所別、個人別に置き換えたとしても、単純に引き算で出すことができます。獲得絶対利益が絶対利益より多ければ、組織は倒産しません。上記の式を見ると、獲得絶対利益を増やすには、...

>>第6回 第3章の続きを読む（PDFダウンロード）

4.Companion between absolute profits and 5s activities

How do you reduce the variable cost?The largest factor in losing profits from the organization is wasteful.

材料や道具の購入費は、変動費に含まれます。搬入に手間取ることで発生する残業代も変動費に含まれます。つまり、...

>>第6回 第4章の続きを読む（PDFダウンロード）

5.Profit is sleeping on site

There is an organization that combines 5S activities and the concept of absolute profits, reducing the stock of 180 million yen before the activity to 30 million yen (Figure 5).In factories where the purchase cost of tools and tools exceeded 4 million yen a year, it was less than 1 million yen a year after the mechanism was completed.One company reduced the cost of repair of a machine that costs 28 million yen a year to 9.8 million yen due to the thorough opening inspections and improving internal repair skills.In all organizations, the accuracy of 5S activities is increased by focusing on reducing variable costs, and as a result, profits are increasing significantly.In this way, profits are asleep as much as you want.

図5：資材と表示を可動式にして誤配達を低減し、在庫を3,000万円まで圧縮

利益の推移を可視化して社員に公表することで、モチベーションを高めることも有効です。図6は限界利益を可視化した事例です。限界利益絶対利益から税金の積み立てや運用利益などを引いたものです。このような利益の管理は、...

>>第6回 第5章の続きを読む（PDFダウンロード）

7th: 5s activity and education and training

Last time, I explained the relationship between 5S activities and profits from the viewpoint of creating profits from the site.This time, I will explain the relationship between 5S activities and education and training.The organization has a lot of education and training.There are many education that the organization should do, from industry -specific technologies, laws, regulations, safety, hygiene management, and education by hierarchy.Let's consider whether these education is really working well through 5s activities.

1.Three education lacking in the organization

One of the challenges of modern companies is "diversification of values."Depending on the generation, the awareness of work is gradually different.For example, recent new employees are more likely to enhance private than work.Leave and benefits are more important to choose a company than the salary amount.The values of this generation sometimes collide with corporate management.A commercial, "Can you fight 24 hours a day?" Was played in the 1980s.I hear the mourning of the managers who know the era in various places.In such an era of "diversification of values", there are three educational and training elements that are lacking in the organization.

自社ルール・社会人要求・組織人要求は、組織が機能する上で欠かせない大切な要素です（第5回で解説）。図1に、自社ルール・社会人要求・組織人要求の位置付けを示します。これらのルールや要求を満たすための教育が必要です。しかし、中小企業ではこれらのルールや要求に明確な基準を設けておらず、...

>>第7回 第1章の続きを読む（PDFダウンロード）

2.What is our own rules education?

企業は、常に厳しい競争下にあります。製品やサービスの競争、価格や品質の競争など、他社との差別化をいつも迫られています。そのため、自社が目指すべきレベルを組織の人たちに伝えなければなりません。しかし、言葉だけで共有することは難しいものです。朝礼や会議で伝えたとしても、個人の意識や行動の違いまで、すぐに変えることはできません。5S活動を行えば、整理・整頓・清掃・清潔・しつけという、目に見えるかたちで具体的にプロセスを追いながら、組織の中に浸透させることができます。特に、...

>>第7回 第2章の続きを読む（PDFダウンロード）

3.What is adult education?

中小企業でよく見られるのは、社会人教育の不完全さです。例えば、あいさつができない、服装がおかしい、電話対応ができないといった社会人を見かけます。また、社員や顧客や取引先との対応で、常識のない発言や行動をする社会人もいます。これも「価値観の多様化」の一つの表れです。家庭や学校で社会人としての常識を身に付けられなかった人たちが、明らかに増えています。以前ならば就職以前の問題だったかもしれません。しかし昨今では、...

>>第7回 第3章の続きを読む（PDFダウンロード）

4.What is organizational education?

The most important thing as an organizer is to understand your role.The organization is made up of various departments and positions.Organizers need to exceed their departments and positions and achieve great effects and results as an organization.However, sometimes I get caught by the sexualism of "because I'm a business", "I'm manufacturing", and "I'm a general affairs".Each person tends to look at the organization with a narrow feeling, and tends to be in organizations where communication is not functioning well.

5S活動は全社を巻き込んだ活動です。よって、...

>>第7回 第4章の続きを読む（PDFダウンロード）

5.Acquisition and physical acquisition

Generally, education and training in corporate organizations is performed through OJT (on the job training) and OFF-JT (Off The Job Training).Among them, education on organizations and working people must be aware of learning and acquisition.Acquisition and body are the ideas of education used in military organizations.Acquisition is an education and training that teaches the principle, origin, and history as a classroom.Acquisition is an education and training that actually moves and remembers.

5S活動を通した教育訓練は、この習得と体得を組み合わせて行います。活動の必要性を全体朝礼で聞いたり、...

>>第7回 第5章の続きを読む（PDFダウンロード）

8th: The purpose and effect of the 5S activity

Last time, I explained the relationship between 5S activities and education and training.5S activities are a tool for activating the organization, so it requires the purpose of activity.This time, the last episode, let's explain the purpose and concept necessary to continue activities.

1.Activities for sharing values

The most difficult words of the recent corporate organizations are the words "neatly" and "properly".Even if the owners and executives use this word in the morning greetings and meetings, what they want to convey is not transmitted to their employees.Because, unlike the past, various values are mixed in the organization.The younger generation's idea of wanting a break rather than a high salary is difficult for the elderly to understand, and on the contrary, it is difficult for the younger generation to understand the thinking of the elderly.The way of human relationships in the organization is uniform.

昔と異なる組織の体質を改めるには、「きちんとしろ」「ちゃんとしろ」「利益を出せ」といったあやふやな言葉を定義付けし、全社に周知させる必要があります。5S活動は、不要なものの統一（整理）や物を置く場所の明示（整頓）、点検保守の考え方（清掃）、行動の基準（清潔・しつけ）を皆で決めます。つまり、組織のさまざまなシーンにおける「きちんと」と「ちゃんと」の再定義を行い、...

>>第8回 第1章の続きを読む（PDFダウンロード）

2.Human resource development and 5s activity

I hear from many managers and executives that there are many employees waiting for instructions.The reason is simple, because corporate organizations handle operations with "instructions" and "instructions".Subordinates may be disposed of if they work at the order and instructions of their boss and go against the instructions or instructions.In such an environment, no human resources with voluntary ideas appear (Fig. 3).

図3:あやふやな指示・命令で部下は指示待ち状態に

5S活動は、部門や職位、世代間の壁を越え、全社を巻き込んで行うプロジェクト活動です。普段の業務・部門から離れたプロジェクト活動の推進者たちは、...

>>第8回 第2章の続きを読む（PDFダウンロード）

3.Customers evaluate

The biggest effect of 5S activities is to improve evaluation from third parties.In addition to the visible changes of organizing, organizing, and cleaning, the changes in everyday behavior due to cleanliness and discipline greatly change the impression of customers and business partners.By leveling up the natural behavior that new employees learn, such as greetings, clothes, and telephone support, it will be a marketing activity that enhances the company's evaluation.

人口が減少し、消費構造が変化する中で、...

>>第8回 第3章の続きを読む（PDFダウンロード）

4.At the end

The ultimate purpose of the organization is the survival and development of the organization, and we will conduct various activities such as sales and product development.However, there is no other activity that exceeds the position and generations and performs the same activities for the organization as a whole company.Figure 5 shows a photo of an office of a company that has advanced 5S activities.Any organization can increase the level of 5S activities so far by converting "neat and neat" and "properly".

図5：5S活動の進んだオフィス

For the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, a bright topic came out in the Japanese economy.However, looking at the economy of the Olympic country for about 30 years, many countries have fallen after the Olympics, and Japan is expected to slow down after 2020.Eventually, the unpromplished organization will soon disappear for the recession.Whether you can get over this depends on the future efforts of each company.

また、深刻な労働力不足が顕在化しています。良い会社と認知されて求職者から選ばれることが、良い人材を確保するために必要なことです。良い会社とは、...

>>第8回 第4章の続きを読む（PDFダウンロード）